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A 2022 analysis proposing a novel framework to correct for measurement bias in international educational assessments. The method is applied to PISA 2022 data across mathematics, science, and reading domains, yielding corrected performance rankings. The work is authored by Jing Ouyang and shared under a CC-BY-4.0 license.
The primary artifact is a PDF document (717.9 KB) describing the methodology and results; it is not a standalone data file in a typical analytical format.