50 Verified Climate Misinformation Cases from Spain, 2018-2025

Anexo is a collection of 50 fact-checked cases of misinformation related to climate change, extreme weather, renewable energy, water management, and electric mobility. The dataset was compiled by José Patricio Pérez-Rufí from the Spanish verification portal Maldita.es, specifically its 'Maldito Clima' section. It was last updated on April 25, 2026, and is intended as a consistent corpus for qualitative analysis of climate misinformation narratives and rhetorical strategies in Spain.

Use Cases

• Analyzing rhetorical strategies and frames in climate misinformation based on the described narrative attributes.
• Studying the evolution of environmental misinformation topics (e.g., renewable energy, water management) over the 2018-2025 period.
• Training or evaluating NLP models for detecting climate-related misinformation in Spanish text.

Strengths

• Contains 50 distinct, verified cases of misinformation, providing a focused corpus for analysis.
• Covers a defined time range from 2018 to 2025, allowing for temporal trend analysis.
• Includes descriptive, interpretative, and contextual attributes for each case, as mentioned in the description.

Limitations

• Row count is unknown, which may limit suitability assessment for quantitative tasks.
• Column-level documentation is absent; field semantics must be inferred after download.
• The dataset is very small at 15.5 KB, indicating limited scope.

Provenance

Source

Maldita.es (Maldito Clima sub-section)

Collection Method

Cases are fact-checks (verifications) published on the portal.

Time Range

2018 to 2025

Freshness

Last updated 2026-04-25 11:50:30; freshness should be verified.

Geography

Spain (implied by source and focus on Spanish narratives)