Effectiveness of Public Health Measures at Sporting Mass Gatherings

Thirty-four articles assessing 37 sporting mass gatherings form the core of this systematic review. Lucia Mullen compiled this evidence to map pre-pandemic and pandemic-era planning for events like the Olympic Games, with searches conducted in June 2023 and July 2025.

Use Cases

• Analyze the reported effectiveness of multi-layered intervention packages like bubble approaches and routine testing across 37 events.
• Assess feasibility and acceptability factors linked to scalability issues and stakeholder engagement described in the review.
• Compare the frequency of assessed event types, such as the 10 studies on Olympic Games, to identify research gaps.

Strengths

• Includes 34 peer-reviewed articles providing a structured evidence base.
• Applies a defined effectiveness framework to categorize 23 articles as effective, 3 as non-effective, and 6 as indeterminate.

Limitations

• The 110.5 KB PDF contains only the review manuscript, not the underlying primary data from the 34 studies.
• Temporal scope is limited by the exclusion of publications prior to the year 2000.

Provenance

Source

Systematic review authored by Lucia Mullen, registered as CRD42023433619.

Collection Method

Literature search across 12 databases including Medline, EMBASE, and WHO sources.

Time Range

Publications from 2000 to July 2025.

Freshness

Last updated in April 2026, with literature searches up to July 2025.

Geography

Global, covering international sporting mass gatherings.