Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Bangkok Toilet Waste Across Income Areas

Twenty-seven toilet waste samples were collected from nine sites in low-, middle-, and high-income areas of Bangkok, Thailand during March–April 2023. The metagenomic sequencing data were analyzed for antimicrobial, metal, and disinfectant resistance gene abundance, measured in fragments per kilobase per million mapped reads (FPKM).

Use Cases

• Compare FPKM abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) across low-, middle-, and high-income area samples to assess socioeconomic associations.
• Analyze the distribution of metal and disinfectant resistance genes identified from metagenomic mapping against reference databases.
• Investigate differences in individual ARG prevalence between the nine specific collection sites in Bangkok.
• Examine the relative abundance of acquired versus presumed intrinsic ARGs, including genes for novel antibiotics, across income groups.

Strengths

• Contains 27 distinct biological samples from a controlled collection period (March–April 2023).
• Data includes quantified resistance gene abundance (FPKM) for antibiotics, metals, and disinfectants.
• Samples are geographically and socioeconomically stratified across nine sites in three income-level areas of Bangkok.

Limitations

• Small sample size of 27 samples limits statistical power for broad generalizations.
• Data is presented in a PDF report (2.1 MB), not in a structured, machine-readable tabular format.
• Findings are specific to a single city (Bangkok) and a two-month period, limiting temporal and geographic generalizability.

Provenance

Source

Narong Nuanmuang via figshare

Collection Method

Metagenomic sequencing of toilet waste samples, followed by quality control and mapping to resistance gene and bacterial taxonomy databases.

Time Range

March–April 2023

Freshness

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Geography

Bangkok, Thailand