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Adjusted secondary mathematics test scores standardize results from international and regional assessments for comparability over time and across countries. The data is calculated by creating ratios between U.S. scores on tests like PISA and TIMSS and the U.S. NAEP, approximated to 5-year intervals from 1965 to 2010. It is produced by Education Statistics, likely from the World Bank's EdStats initiative.
Scores are adjusted and approximated values, not raw test results; understanding the specific ratio transformation methodology is critical for correct interpretation.