Bilingual Ballot Designs and Inclusivity: Evidence from Taiwan, Texas, and Georgia

This replication dataset by Amy H. Liu (2026) contains experimental results from three studies examining how bilingual ballot designs affect inclusivity attitudes in Taiwan, Texas, and the Republic of Georgia. The data compares three specific ballot layouts—single, separated, and stacked—across varying levels of language politicization. It provides the empirical basis for research published in Public Opinion Quarterly regarding minority language accommodation in democratic institutions.

Use Cases

• Analyzing the impact of 'stacked' vs 'separated' ballot designs on inclusivity scores
• Comparing inclusivity attitudes across different levels of language politicization in Texas and Taiwan
• Replicating the statistical findings of the Public Opinion Quarterly paper regarding ethnic politics

Strengths

• Covers three distinct geopolitical contexts: Taiwan, USA (Texas), and the Republic of Georgia
• Tests three specific ballot design configurations: single, separated, and stacked
• Includes varying levels of language politicization as a moderating variable

Limitations

• Geographic scope is limited to three specific regions
• Experimental nature may not reflect real-world voting behavior in non-test environments
• Unknown sample size for each of the three studies

Provenance

Source

Amy H. Liu, Public Opinion Quarterly

Collection Method

Experimental surveys conducted across three geographic regions

Freshness

Last updated February 2026.

Geography

Taiwan, Texas (USA), and Republic of Georgia