State responses to disinformation: How to measure the risk to freedom of expression [Datas

50 policy responses from 12 democratic countries between 2010 and 2024 are coded to construct a novel Risk to Freedom of Expression (RFE) score. The dataset, created by Dairova, Yenlik, operationalizes this indicator across three dimensions: definition clarity, regulatory centralization, and enforcement proportionality. It extends data from Cipers et al., 2023 with updated observations and new indicators.

Use Cases

• Benchmarking national disinformation policies based on the composite RFE score.
• Analyzing trends in policy strictness and proportionality across the 2010-2024 timeframe.
• Comparing regulatory approaches, such as media literacy initiatives and platform regulation, across different countries.
• Assessing correlations between policy centralization and other supplementary variables captured in the dataset.

Strengths

• Contains 50 specific policy responses, providing a substantive sample for analysis.
• Covers a 14-year time range (2010-2024), allowing for longitudinal study.
• Based on a structured methodology grounded in international human rights standards.
• Includes both core index variables and supplementary variables capturing diverse policy approaches.

Limitations

• Column-level documentation is absent; field semantics must be inferred after download.
• Row count is unknown, which may limit suitability assessment for certain modeling tasks.
• Geographic coverage is limited to 12 democratic countries, which may not be globally representative.

Provenance

Source

Risk To Freedom of Expression in Disinformation Policies Dataverse

Collection Method

Systematic coding of policies according to defined criteria, reusing and extending data from Cipers et al., 2023.

Time Range

2010 to 2024

Freshness

Last updated 2026-05-07 14:29:40; freshness should be verified.

Geography

12 democratic countries (specific countries not listed)