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A 20-statement Delphi survey achieved 89.7% consensus among 49 Italian thoracic surgeons on factors influencing intraoperative bleeding. The document reports agreement on medical and surgical risk factors, the use of a validated intraoperative bleeding scale (VIBeS), and management strategies. Domenico Galetta authored this consensus report, last updated in April 2026.
File is in DOCX format; data extraction requires text parsing.