Supplementary File 1: SLE Risk Association Study from UK Biobank

398,200 UK Biobank participants were followed for a median of 13.2 years to assess novel metabolic and inflammation indices as risk factors for systemic lupus erythematosus. The study, authored by Dongqi Zhou and shared under CC-BY-4.0, found a per standard deviation increase in the composite metabolic vulnerability index (MVX) was associated with a 44% higher risk of incident SLE. Results were published in a supplementary document on figshare in May 2026.

Use Cases

• Validate the association between novel composite indices (MVX, IVX, MMX) and SLE risk based on the described methodology.
• Replicate subgroup analyses by demographics, comorbidities, and lifestyle factors using the reported hazard ratios.
• Assess the linear dose-response relationship and risk thresholds for MVX, IVX, and MMX in relation to SLE.
• Conduct sensitivity analyses for competing risks, as demonstrated using the Fine-Gray model.
• Compare the predictive strength of the composite MVX index against its sub-components (IVX and MMX) for SLE.

Strengths

• Analysis is based on a large prospective cohort of 398,200 participants.
• Follow-up period is substantial, with a median of 13.2 years.
• Multiple sensitivity and competing risk analyses were performed, suggesting methodological rigor.
• Specific hazard ratios and confidence intervals are provided for key findings, such as the 1.44 HR for MVX.

Limitations

• The primary data file is a 26.4 KB DOCX document, which likely contains summary results rather than the underlying raw or tabular data.
• Row count and column-level documentation for any underlying dataset are unknown.
• Data may reflect the demographic and health characteristics bias inherent to the UK Biobank cohort.

Provenance

Source

UK Biobank

Collection Method

Prospective cohort study using health records and biomarker data.

Time Range

Median follow-up of 13.2 years (specific start/end dates not provided).

Freshness

Last updated 2026-05-08 05:56:52

Geography

United Kingdom