Multiplicative Operation Sense Test for 5th Grade Students

86% to 94% of variance in item difficulty was explained by four theoretically derived levels of multiplicative operation sense in validation studies. This dataset contains a validated psychometric test instrument for assessing 5th-grade students' conceptual understanding of multiplication and division operations. The instrument was developed and validated by Eva Schultheis, with a main validation study published in April 2026.

Use Cases

• Validate the four-level theoretical model of multiplicative operation sense using item difficulty scores.
• Analyze student solution rates across different test levels to identify common conceptual gaps.
• Use item response data from the main study (N=464) to benchmark student performance in multiplicative reasoning.
• Apply the test instrument for pre- and post-intervention assessment to measure changes in operation sense.

Strengths

• Main validation study involved a sample of 464 fifth-grade students.
• Theoretical model explains 94% of variance in item difficulty in the main study.
• Instrument validated across two empirical studies (pilot N=66, main N=464).

Limitations

• Dataset is small, consisting of a 23.2 KB document describing the test rather than raw response data.
• Geographic and demographic scope of the validation sample is not specified, limiting generalizability.
• The dataset provides the test instrument itself, not a large-scale dataset of student responses for modeling.

Provenance

Source

Eva Schultheis, published on figshare.

Collection Method

Test instrument developed and validated through a pilot study (N=66) and a main study (N=464) using general linear mixed models.

Time Range

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Freshness

Last updated in April 2026.

Geography

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